To To Free the World: Harry Holland and the rise of the labour movement in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific

“He devoted his life to free the world from unhappiness, tyranny and oppression,” reads Harry Holland’s memorial in Wellington. Militant unionist, socialist agitator, writer and organiser, Holland was a firebrand leader of workers — both in Australia, where he was jailed for sedition during the Broken Hill miners’ strike of 1909, and in Aotearoa New Zealand, from the time he arrived at the start of the Waihī Strike in 1912, to his death at the tangi of the Māori King in 1933. Elected to Parliament in 1918 and Labour Party leader from 1919, Holland was the “compassionate champion of the common people.” He campaigned against military conscription and war, forged a political alliance with Māori, supported strikes by indentured labourers in Fiji, defended the Samoan Mau movement in its battles against the New Zealand colonial administration, and condemned the mass layoffs and wage-cutting during the Great Depression. When Labour was elected to government in 1935, its new leader Michael Joseph Savage cabled Holland’s widow, Annie: “Harry’s life of service enabled us to win.”